Preventing dementia: The power of 14 modifiable risk factors

Dementia is a growing global problem that affects not only individuals, but also families, communities and healthcare systems. With the Lancet Commission's recent 2024 update, it is clearer than ever that we can make a significant impact on the prevalence of this debilitating disease. The addition of new risk factors gives us the opportunity to further refine prevention and intervention strategies. Let's dig deeper into the latest findings and discover how we can prevent or delay almost half of all dementia cases worldwide.

The Lancet Commission: a leading light on dementia prevention

The Lancet Standing Committee on Dementia Prevention, Intervention and Care is a global authority that continuously researches ways to prevent and manage dementia. Their 2024 update adds two new risk factors to their list of already known causes: high LDL cholesterol and vision loss. These additions bring the total number of modifiable risk factors to 14. But what does this mean for us, and how can we use this information?

The new risk factors explained

High LDL cholesterol: the silent threat

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol, has long been known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, recent research suggests that elevated LDL levels may also promote the development of dementia. LDL cholesterol may contribute to the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer's.

How to control LDL cholesterol:

• Healthy diet: Eat less saturated fats and increase intake of high-fibre foods.
  
• Exercise: Regular exercise can help lower LDL levels.
  
• Medication: Consider statins after consulting a doctor if diet and exercise are not enough.
  

Vision loss: more than just a visual problem

Vision loss is now recognised as a risk factor for dementia. Although the exact mechanisms are still under investigation, studies suggest that reduced visual input leads to reduced cognitive stimulation and social isolation, which may increase the risk of cognitive decline.

Maintain vision:

• Regular eye checks: Early detection and treatment of eye conditions can minimise the risk of vision loss.
  
• UV protection: Wearing sunglasses with UV protection can support long-term eye health.
  
• Healthy lifestyle: Quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy weight can contribute to overall eye health.
  

The full list of modifiable risk factors

In addition to the newly added factors, the Lancet Commission highlights the importance of addressing the following risk factors:

• Low education level
  
• High blood pressure
  
• Obesity
  
• Diabetes
  
• Smoking
  
• Depression
  
• Low physical activity
  
• Social isolation
  
• Excessive alcohol consumption
  
• Air pollution
  
• Impaired hearing
  
• Traumatic brain injury
  

By proactively dealing with these factors, we can significantly reduce the risk of dementia.

The potential of prevention: The role of society

Addressing these 14 risk factors is not only the responsibility of individuals, but also of society as a whole. Communities, governments and health institutions must work together to raise awareness and improve access to preventive resources and care.

What communities can do:

• Education and outreach: Campaigns that create awareness about the risk factors of dementia can encourage individuals to make healthy choices.
  
• Access to healthcare: Improving access to healthcare services can promote early detection and treatment of risk factors.
  
• Social support networks: Initiatives that promote social interaction can reduce social isolation and improve mental health.
  

For a healthier future

The Lancet Commission's 2024 update reminds us that although dementia is a complex condition, there is huge potential to prevent or delay it through targeted actions. By being aware of and taking action on the 14 modifiable risk factors, we can make a significant impact on our lives and those of future generations.

Insights to consider:

• Why wait? Start adjusting your lifestyle today.
  
• Ask for help: Discuss risk factors with a health professional to develop a personalised plan.
  
• Share knowledge: Inform your community about the risks and preventive measures.
  

With joint efforts, we can dramatically reduce the impact of dementia on our world and create a healthier future for all.

The dementia risk self-test forms the basis of your personalised prevention strategy to reduce your risk.